Technical note: errors and bias in surveys

Biases are cause of errors and will have a incidence over quality and validity of results. Bias introduces systematic error into the research design or analysis, rendering outcomes unreliable or meaningless. Survey research includes a spectrum of different types of bias, including researcher (or enumerator bias, survey bias, respondent bias, and nonresponse bias…). Bias can be intentional, but often it is not. As it is systematic, it is predictable…